A 2023 study (Reconciling estimates of the long-term earnings effect of fertility by Simon Bensnes, Ingrid Huitfeldt, and Edwin Leuven) evaluates different methodological approaches to estimate the impact of having children on parents' long-term earnings, commonly known as the "child penalty" The authors compare results from three models:
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Norway: Fertility & Long Term Earnings
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A 2023 study (Reconciling estimates of the long-term earnings effect of fertility by Simon Bensnes, Ingrid Huitfeldt, and Edwin Leuven) evaluates different methodological approaches to estimate the impact of having children on parents' long-term earnings, commonly known as the "child penalty" The authors compare results from three models: